Abraham Lincoln was born on Sunday, February 12, 1809, in a log cabin on his father's farm in what was at that time Hardin County (today Larue County) Kentucky. His parents were Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. He had an older sister, Sarah. In 1816, when Abraham was 7 years old, his parents moved to Perry County (later part of …Jan 4, 2023 ... 535K subscribers in the centuryhomes community. Century Homes is a place for those that enjoy homes that have reached or exceeded 100 years ... Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois. 18,753 likes · 117 talking about this · 53,454 were here. At Lincoln Home National Historic Site you can follow in the footsteps of the... Abraham Lincoln’s major accomplishments include the Emancipation Proclamation, Homestead Acts, and the establishment of the United States Department of Agriculture. Historically, A...Apr 10, 2015 · For Lincoln, the young lawyer and up-and-coming State legislator, Springfield possessed opportunities which could only enhance his already promising future. Here Lincoln could meet politicians and local leaders from all over the State. One was Stephen A. Douglas, a State senator who would defeat Lincoln in the 1858 election for the U.S. Senate. Lincoln Tomb. 1500 Monument Ave. - Oak Ridge Cemetery Springfield, Illinois 62702. 217-782-2717. Daily: 9 am - 4:45 pm. Free. Website. ABOUT. Within the walls of this stunning granite monument is the final resting place of Abraham Lincoln, his wife, Mary and three of their four sons. (Lincoln’s oldest son, Robert, is buried in Arlington ... 2,887 reviews. #4 of 118 things to do in Springfield. Historic SitesHistory Museums. Closed now. 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Write a review. About. The only house Abraham Lincoln ever …A group of less than three hundred members, the Abraham Lincoln Association raised over a quarter of a million dollars for the restoration of the Old State Capitol. The building was ready by December 3, 1968, the 175th anniversary of Illinois statehood. Reinvigorated, the Association looked to other projects to undertake.410 East Jackson Street, Springfield, IL. Present owner: State of Illinois. The work of one of Illinois’ most important early architects, John M . Van Osdel (1811-1891), Illinois’ Executive Mansion was first occupied by Governor Joel A.Matteson in 1855. The three story, brick Italianate structure has been the site of many important social ... For 17 years, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, called this simple comfortable house at the corner of 8th and Jackson Streets home, from the time he purchased it in 1844 until he left Springfield in 1861 to face the ordeals of secession and civil war in Washington, DC. Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site preserves the site of the 1840s farm of Thomas and Sarah Bush Lincoln, father and stepmother of our 16th president. Abraham Lincoln was a lawyer living in Springfield by the time his parents moved … Lincoln's home from 1844 to 1861. Nov 2021. A trip to Springfield, Illinois, always includes obligatory visits to the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, the Lincoln Home National Historic Site and Lincoln's Tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery. The home and related historic district where Lincoln lived from 1844 to 1861, before becoming the ... Lincoln delivered his "House Divided" speech upon accepting the Republican nomination for Senate in Springfield, Illinois. In this speech he famously states "a house divided against itself cannot stand" in describing the coming national conflict over slavery.Park Name: Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois Description: The theme of the lessons is for students to relate to the Lincoln family’s everyday living …Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is one of the most iconic speeches in American history. Delivered on November 19, 1863, during the Civil War, this short but powerful speech ha...1 room, 2 adults, 0 children. 413 S 8th St, Springfield, IL 62701-1905. Read Reviews of Lincoln Home National Historic Site.RM DG9DY7–Crowds in front of Abraham Lincoln's Springfield, Illinois home during the 1860 Presidential campaign.Reading 3: Abraham Lincoln's Springfield Farewell Address. On February 11, 1861, Abraham Lincoln departed Springfield for Washington, DC and an uncertain presidency of a nation on the brink of civil war. He was met at the Springfield train station by an estimated 1,000 of his friends and neighbors who wanted to wish him well.Begin your visit at the Lincoln Home Visitor Center, located at 426 South Seventh St., Springfield, IL. It is open from 8:30am to 5pm daily except New Years Day, …... Lincoln Home National Historic Site YouTube page at https://www.youtube.com/@lincolnhomenationalhistori6895. The park film, "Abraham Lincoln: A Journey to ...The First Lincoln Memorial and Boyhood Home. For over a century people from around the world have come to rural Central Kentucky to honor the humble beginnings of our 16th president, Abraham Lincoln. His early life on Kentucky's frontier shaped his character and prepared him to lead the nation through Civil War.Dec 30, 2023 · A self-taught lawyer with only one year of frontier schooling, Abraham Lincoln rode his horse into Springfield, III., in 1837 with all his belongings in two saddlebags. Mary Todd, who arrived two years later, was well educated and from a prominent Kentucky family. Despite contrasting backgrounds, they were married on November 4, 1842. Demographic & Gender Information. In the interest of diversity and inclusion, please provide your ethnicity and also your gender preference. While Providing this information is voluntary, it helps us to produce accurate and transparent reporting. Ethnicity. (Check any or all that apply) American Indian or Alaskan Native.Hours: The Lincoln Home is maintained by the National Park Service and is open daily from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. It is closed on January 1, Thanksgiving Day and December 25. For more information, including details about special events at the site, call 217/492-4241, or write: Superintendent, Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 413 S. 8th St ...Lincoln Home neighborhood. Although the Lincoln family home at Eighth and Jackson streets in Springfield reflected Abraham Lincoln’s status as a prominent attorney and politician, the National Park Service points out that the neighborhood surrounding the home was a diverse one. The following description comes from an NPS … The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party’s nomination for President, he sketched his life: “I was born ... Located between door B and door C. American : 1-800-433-7300. Allegiant: 1-702-505-8888. Breeze: flybreeze.com. In 1861, Abraham Lincoln left his home of 17 years – the only home he ever owned – to serve as the 16th President of the United States. The Lincoln Home has been completely restored to its 1860 appearance and reveals much about Lincoln as husband, father, neighbor and politician. Tours of this national treasure are conducted by National ... Jul 30, 2018 ... ... Springfield pioneer and Abraham Lincoln's first law partner. Though born in Springfield, Brown was a commercial artist in Chicago when she ...Earn more with the Points Plus Promotion. Earn 2,000 Bonus Points on every stay, plus 500 Bonus Points per stay when you use Digital Key from January 1 - May 1, 2024. Register for Free. Page 1 of 1. President Abraham Lincoln Springfield hotel offers exciting Springfield hotel deals to suit any budget and is walking distance to shopping and ... Call Us. +1 217-544-8800. Address. 701 E Adams Street Springfield, Illinois 62701 USA Opens new tab. Arrival Time. Check-in 4 pm →. Check-out 11 am. Apr 10, 2015 · National Historic Site Illinois. The Lincoln Home was expanded over the years from one-and-a-half story to two stories. NPS Photo. Abraham Lincoln came of age while living and working as a private citizen in Springfield, Illinois. It was here that he chose to settle down, build a life for himself and his family, and worked hard to achieve success. For nearly 23 years, Springfield was the center of Abraham Lincoln’s life – his social, legal and political world. Historian Michael Nelson wrote: Lincoln thrived in Springfield: he lived there…longer by far than in any other place. In Springfield Lincoln became a successful lawyer, married Mary Todd, fathered four sons, and pursued a ... The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party’s nomination for President, he sketched his life: “I was born ... Feb 6, 2018 ... The only home that Abraham Lincoln ever owned is in Springfield, Illinois. He lived here for seventeen years prior to being elected President. Lincoln Tomb. 1500 Monument Ave. - Oak Ridge Cemetery Springfield, Illinois 62702. 217-782-2717. Daily: 9 am - 4:45 pm. Free. Website. ABOUT. Within the walls of this stunning granite monument is the final resting place of Abraham Lincoln, his wife, Mary and three of their four sons. (Lincoln’s oldest son, Robert, is buried in Arlington ... The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party’s nomination for President, he sketched his life: “I was born ... Built about 1837, Springfield’s oldest house was designed by the same architect who designed the Old State Capitol. It is one of Illinois’ earliest residences in the Greek Revival style of architecture. Two of Springfield’s most famous citizens, Abraham Lincoln and poet Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, are known to have visited the house. More...Monroe, Dan and Lura Lynn Ryan. At Home with Illinois Governors: A Social History of the Illinois Executive Mansion, 1855-2003. Springfield, IL: Illinois ...The Lyon House was restored prior to NPS acquisition. The Lyon House contains LIHO Administration offices. Located in the Lincoln Home National Historic Site (LIHO). Telephone number 217-492-4241. This house is listed on … In 1839, a small, humble, one-and-a-half cottage was constructed at the corner of Eighth and Jackson Streets in Springfield, Illinois. Its first resident, the Reverend Charles Dresser, married a young couple -- Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd -- in 1843. The following year, Abraham Lincoln purchased this house and moved in with his wife and his ... Mar 30, 2023 · Visitors can watch Journey to Greatness, a free park film highlighting Abraham Lincoln's life in Springfield, at our Visitor Center. This film lasts about 25 minutes. The first showing of the day runs at 9:00 AM, and the last showing of the day begins at 4:30 PM. Reading 3: Abraham Lincoln's Springfield Farewell Address. On February 11, 1861, Abraham Lincoln departed Springfield for Washington, DC and an uncertain presidency of a nation on the brink of civil war. He was met at the Springfield train station by an estimated 1,000 of his friends and neighbors who wanted to wish him well.April 15 - Abraham Lincoln arrived in Springfield with all of his belongings in two saddlebags. He arranged to share a room with Joshua Speed, a Springfield store owner. He was 28 years old. April 15 - Abraham Lincoln officially became the junior law partner of John Todd Stuart, Mary Todd Lincoln's cousin. Mary visits Springfield for the first ...The Lincoln Presidential Foundation is a 501c3 nonprofit supporting Abraham Lincoln through events, access to collections, education, and fundraising. Museum Hours. 9:00 am — 5:00 pm, Daily. (last ticket sold at 4:00 pm) Closed. New Year's Day. Thanksgiving Day. Christmas Day. Jan 9, 2024 · Parking Fee. There is a $2 per hour per vehicle fee to park in the Lincoln Home NHS parking lot. Parking can be paid for at the gate arm kiosk when leaving the parking lot. Visitors are asked to please pay with credit or debit card. We do not accept cash. When driving down 7th street, our parking lot is located on the left-hand side after ... 410 East Jackson Street, Springfield, IL. Present owner: State of Illinois. The work of one of Illinois’ most important early architects, John M . Van Osdel (1811-1891), Illinois’ Executive Mansion was first occupied by Governor Joel A.Matteson in 1855. The three story, brick Italianate structure has been the site of many important social ...Virtual tour of the interior of the Abraham Lincoln home in Springfield, Illinois. Includes audio commentary.The First Lincoln Memorial and Boyhood Home. For over a century people from around the world have come to rural Central Kentucky to honor the humble beginnings of our 16th president, Abraham Lincoln. His early life on Kentucky's frontier shaped his character and prepared him to lead the nation through Civil War. The Museum. Occupying an entire city block in downtown Springfield, Illinois, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Museum is the largest Presidential Museum. With over 50,000 square feet devoted to state-of-the-art full-immersion exhibits, special effects theaters and displays of original artifacts, it is also the first major Experience Museum of ... May 8, 2017 ... We recently had the opportunity to visit Abraham Lincoln's hometown of Springfield, Illinois for a day. This is where he spent most of his ...125 lincoln home national historic site stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free for download. · Abraham Lincoln Springfield House ...Feb 19, 2020 ... Visitor Center Lincoln Home. This was a cool display. We'd already learned on our ghost tour about how Abraham Lincoln walked to his law ...1 room, 2 adults, 0 children. 413 S 8th St, Springfield, IL 62701-1905. Read Reviews of Lincoln Home National Historic Site.Official Instagram of Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield, IL. On Twitter: @LincolnHomeNPS. Share photos: #lincolnhome · fortscottnps. Fort Scott ...Children Tree Planting Activity Planned for 2023 Earth Awareness Fair The Springfield Urban Forestry Commission and the University of Illinois Extension office for Logan, Menard, and Sangamon Counties are co-sponsoring a tree planting activity for children at the City of Springfield’s 2023 Earth Awareness Fair on April 22, 2023 at 2:00 p.m ...On April 21, 1865, a train carrying the coffin of assassinated President Abraham Lincoln leaves Washington, D.C. on its way to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. The train ...Abraham Lincoln is one of the most iconic figures in American history. As the 16th President of the United States, he led the country through one of its most tumultuous periods, th...The Brinkerhoff House, located at 1500 North Fifth Street, is one of Springfield's most significant Italianate mansions. Commissioned by George M. Brinkerhoff in 1869, the large and gracious home cost $17,000 to construct. Mr. Brinkerhoff came to Springfield in 1859 to teach at Illinois State University, and eventually became a major figure in ... Tickets, Tours & Admission: While visitors can wander the grounds of the historic site without a guide, touring the Lincoln home requires a guided tour by a park ranger. The tours are free but do require obtaining a ticket from the visitor’s center. Depending on the number of visitors, you may have to wait a couple of hours to get in. Nov 27, 2021 · The Lincoln Home is the first and only home Abraham Lincoln owned. NPS Photo. Quick Facts. Location: 8th Street & Jackson Street, Springfield, IL. Significance: This house was the home of Abraham Lincoln and his family from 1849 to 1861. Designation: National Park, Heritage Area, National Historic Landmark, HABS/HAER/HALS. Upon his death, Dr. Pasfield was recognized as the wealthiest man in central Illinois and a personal friend of Abraham Lincoln. ... City of Springfield. Address: 800 East Monroe, Springfield, IL 62701 Phone: 217.789.2000 Fax: 217.789.2109 General Office Hours: Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Click here for Department Contacts ...A Public Meeting has been scheduled for March 26, 2024, at 6:00 PM. The meeting will take place at the Hilton Garden Inn at 3100 S. Dirksen Parkway. This gathering presents an opportunity for community members to express their opinions regarding the future of Springfield's Postal Mail Service. Full Press Release.Specialties: In a stunning combination of scholarship and showmanship, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum immerses you in Lincoln's world and time. Journey from a rustic Indiana cabin to the Executive Mansion in the nation's capitol; follow the fate of America's 16th president and share the joys and sorrows of a family - and a … In 1861, Abraham Lincoln left his home of 17 years – the only home he ever owned – to serve as the 16th President of the United States. The Lincoln Home has been completely restored to its 1860 appearance and reveals much about Lincoln as husband, father, neighbor and politician. Tours of this national treasure are conducted by National ... Hours: The Lincoln Home is maintained by the National Park Service and is open daily from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. It is closed on January 1, Thanksgiving Day and December 25. For more information, including details about special events at the site, call 217/492-4241, or write: Superintendent, Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 413 S. 8th St ... For 17 years, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, called this simple comfortable house at the corner of 8th and Jackson Streets home, from the time he purchased it in 1844 until he left Springfield in 1861 to face the ordeals of secession and civil war in Washington, DC. Nov 27, 2021 · The Lincoln Home is the first and only home Abraham Lincoln owned. NPS Photo. Quick Facts. Location: 8th Street & Jackson Street, Springfield, IL. Significance: This house was the home of Abraham Lincoln and his family from 1849 to 1861. Designation: National Park, Heritage Area, National Historic Landmark, HABS/HAER/HALS. The Gettysburg Address is one of the most iconic speeches in American history. Delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War, it remain...The Lincoln Home Fun Facts. The Lincoln Home was built in 1839 for Reverend Charles Dresser, who later married Abraham and Mary Lincoln, then a few years later, sold them the house. It was a one-and-a-half cottage at the time. The Lincolns paid $1500 for the house. The Lincoln Home has almost burned down two times since its construction in …8th & Jackson, Springfield, IL. The Lincoln Home was constructed in 1839 and was enlarged to two stories in 1855. Abraham Lincoln, a prominent attorney and politician, lived in the home with his wife, Mary, and their children. The Lincoln family lived in this house during Lincoln’s 1860 election to the presidency. There are several ...Sixteenth President (1861-1865) Birthday: February 12, 1809 (Sunday) Birthplace: Hardin County, Kentucky. Zodiac Sign: Aquarius. Date of Death: April 15, 1865 (Saturday) Place of Death: Washington DC. Place of Burial: Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois. Cause of Death: Gunshot wound to the back of the head. Age: 56 years old.April 15 - Abraham Lincoln arrived in Springfield with all of his belongings in two saddlebags. He arranged to share a room with Joshua Speed, a Springfield store owner. He was 28 years old. April 15 - Abraham Lincoln officially became the junior law partner of John Todd Stuart, Mary Todd Lincoln's cousin. Mary visits Springfield for the first ...Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 near Hodgenville Kentucky, in a one room log cabin. It had a dirt floor and no glass windows. Lincoln was the second of three children born to Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln's older sister, Sarah, was born in 1807 and his younger brother, Thomas, who died in infancy, was born in 1812.Mar 30, 2023 · Visitors can watch Journey to Greatness, a free park film highlighting Abraham Lincoln's life in Springfield, at our Visitor Center. This film lasts about 25 minutes. The first showing of the day runs at 9:00 AM, and the last showing of the day begins at 4:30 PM. The reason why Chicago is not the capital is that Illinois was settled from south to north. And when Springfield became the state capital in 1834, Chicago was a small town only one-year-old. Open hours are Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. On the weekends; the Capitol building is open from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Admission is free.RM DG9DY7–Crowds in front of Abraham Lincoln's Springfield, Illinois home during the 1860 Presidential campaign.Feb 14, 2024 · Lincoln's Springfield is a new exhibit located in the Corneau House. The legacy of Springfield includes more characters than just the Lincoln family. Springfield’s story is woven together by individuals overcoming hardships, making a life for themselves, and coming together to help. The Corneau House Exhibit explores the lives of six of those ... Two of Springfield’s most famous citizens, Abraham Lincoln and poet Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, are known to have visited the house. Lincoln spent time in the house as a guest of Robert Irwin and he enjoyed many a card game in the front parlor. Because of the house’s impressive architecture and rich history, it was placed on the National ...Deeded to the National Park Service in 1978, the Dean House is located at 421 South 8th Street, across the street and a short distance northwest of the Lincoln Home. Prior to NPS acquisition the structure served as a private museum and gift shop with two apartments on the second floor. Taken from: Archeological Investigations at the Harriet ...Built about 1837, Springfield’s oldest house was designed by the same architect who designed the Old State Capitol. It is one of Illinois’ earliest residences in the Greek Revival style of architecture. Two of Springfield’s most famous citizens, Abraham Lincoln and poet Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, are known to have visited the house. More...Abraham Lincoln Springfield Brick. $29.00. Add to Cart. Above: Front of the Specimen Card. During his life, Abraham Lincoln only owned one home: 413 South Eighth Street in Springfield, Illinois. The Lincoln family moved to the property in 1844 and the building would be their home through highs and lows in both family and political life.A proposal would make the Elijah Iles House and the yet-to-be constructed Lincoln's Springfield Cottage part of the Lincoln Home National Historic Site by ...The house was thrown open to guests who came to Springfield to attend Abraham Lincoln’s funeral. The funeral cortege passed by the Edwards home. Mrs. B.H. Ferguson, daughter of Benjamin Edwards, deeded Edwards Place to the Springfield Art Association in 1913. Since that time, the house has functioned as a combination club, museum, and …Nov 8, 2023 ... The Abraham Lincoln Association is in the process of raising funds to create a replica of the Lincoln Home in Springfield, as it existed from ...
The Lincoln Home National Historical Site preserves the only home Abraham Lincoln ever actually owned. The Lincoln family lived in the 12-room Greek Revival house at Eighth and Jackson in Springfield for 17 years before departing in 1861 for the White House. Not only can visitors see the home, they can also stroll around the four blocks surrounding the house—all restored to their 1860 ... . Budget tracker
2,887 reviews. #4 of 118 things to do in Springfield. Historic SitesHistory Museums. Closed now. 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Write a review. About. The only house Abraham Lincoln ever …8th & Jackson, Springfield, IL. The Lincoln Home was constructed in 1839 and was enlarged to two stories in 1855. Abraham Lincoln, a prominent attorney and politician, lived in the home with his wife, Mary, and their children. The Lincoln family lived in this house during Lincoln’s 1860 election to the presidency. There are several ... Tickets, Tours & Admission: While visitors can wander the grounds of the historic site without a guide, touring the Lincoln home requires a guided tour by a park ranger. The tours are free but do require obtaining a ticket from the visitor’s center. Depending on the number of visitors, you may have to wait a couple of hours to get in. So wrote Abraham Lincoln on June 4, 1860, to Samuel Haycraft of Elizabethtown, Kentucky. Haycraft had invited the future President to visit his childhood home in Kentucky. The Lincoln family lived on 30 acres of the 228 acre Knob Creek Farm from the time Abraham was two and a half until he was almost eight years old.511 South 8th Street, Springfield, IL. This home is named for Allen Miller, a contemporary and neighbor of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Miller was a wealthy local dealer in leather, stoves and tin. Miller, his wife and three children lived in the home from 1855 to 1864. It is believed the home was built around 1850.Feb 17, 2011 ... A black and white picture of Abraham Lincoln's house located at the Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield, Illinois. Abraham ...American Politics pic: April 1865. The funeral of Abraham Lincon, the body was to be taken by special train to the grave at Springfield, Illinois. Abraham Lincoln, (1809-1865) one of the famous U.S. Presidents. He became President in 1861 and led the Uni.Occupying an entire city block in downtown Springfield, Illinois, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Museum is the largest Presidential Museum. With over 50,000 square feet devoted to state-of-the-art full-immersion exhibits, special effects theaters and displays of original artifacts, it is also the first major Experience Museum of its kind.. Instead of the …Apr 10, 2015 · For Lincoln, the young lawyer and up-and-coming State legislator, Springfield possessed opportunities which could only enhance his already promising future. Here Lincoln could meet politicians and local leaders from all over the State. One was Stephen A. Douglas, a State senator who would defeat Lincoln in the 1858 election for the U.S. Senate. • Lincoln Home At approximately 7:30 a.m., President-elect Abraham Lincoln leaves for the railway station without his wife, who will join him later. • Springfield Train StationAbraham Lincoln Presidential Museum. 212 N. 6th St. Springfield, Illinois 62701. 217-558-8844. Daily: 9 am - 5 pm. Admission. Website. ABOUT. This state-of-the-art facility was carefully designed with exacting historical detail. Amazingly well-preserved artifacts tell the entire life story of our nation's 16th President.Dec 30, 2023 · A self-taught lawyer with only one year of frontier schooling, Abraham Lincoln rode his horse into Springfield, III., in 1837 with all his belongings in two saddlebags. Mary Todd, who arrived two years later, was well educated and from a prominent Kentucky family. Despite contrasting backgrounds, they were married on November 4, 1842. Apr 10, 2015 · Lincoln Home Through the Years. For seventeen years, the house at Eighth and Jackson Streets in Springfield, Illinois was home to Abraham Lincoln and his family. Purchased shortly after the birth of their first son Robert, the home sheltered the family through the birth of their remaining three sons and the death of their son Eddie, and had ... According to over a century of legends, Abraham Lincoln continues to lurk around his tomb, now a state historic site in Springfield. Sightings of the former president have been told almost since his body arrived in Springfield on May 3, 1865. After lying in state at the capitol for a night, the body was placed in a receiving vault at Oak Ridge ....